Plants as indicators
Plants often and in many cases can serve us a useful pointers and managers. First of all, we recall, there are plants, partly replacing the compass. We say partly, because they do not give the same accurate directions, like a compass, but they can help out in very difficult situations. The most famous of plant-compasses the central belt - is mosses and lichens, and that those species of cryptogams, who live on the bark of trees. |
These plants, of course, need moisture, and therefore we ask - at what exactly the tree they will be well provided with moisture? Well, of course - just on the north side, where the sun does not dry crust, where the wind always blows moist, but not in the south, where the sun and dry, and where there are dry and hot winds. It follows that the thickness of overgrown moss on the trees can always be determined by the light, because all these splendid plants develop on the north side of trees, and less - on the south.
Regarding herpes made a curious observation: it seems that the conditions of their biological welfare is exactly the same as for men. In other words, the terrain, favorable for its climatic conditions for people in the same way as favorable for lichens. A specialist in lichen, known Finnish botanist Wilhelm Nilander, at the time pointed to the abundance of lichen colonies, covering the bark of chestnuts in the Luxembourg park in Paris. "Here they grow up, like somewhere in a village in the backwoods, in the open air ..." - says the scientist, indirectly pointing to the need for these words of light, good air, and generally benign and hygienic conditions for lichens. Hence, the abundance of lichens on trees is an indication of the relative purity and freshness of the air. There are plants that have always clung to the man, follow him, multiply around his home. Of them especially true man nettles and weeds. If you happen to find these plants somewhere in the wilderness, the desert, you can be sure that there lived a man, and then left those places. The French scientist William St. Hilaire, who traveled in his time in South America, often guided by the presence of such plants and, having made diligent search in the places where they are particularly bush, often opened the ruins of some long-abandoned cabin. In his remarks, these plants, most of them were not local, not native. Between them, for example, it is most often found in special abundance of iron ore, not growing in Brazil, where he traveled, and the Mexican plant of the genus argemonov. Very often the presence of certain plants at a certain plot of land with the same fidelity and accuracy indicates the composition of the soil as chemical analysis. Thus, our proverbial coltsfoot, mogachki ("crow's feet"), and sochevichniki point directly to the clay soil, that is, one that is not less than half made out of clay.
Pointers calcareous soil, containing not less than 20% lime, are: hmelevidnaya veronica, collecting bell vorobeyniki. There is one species of Veronica, common throughout Russia, which indicates a significant amount of soluble silica in the soil - usually on this basis huddle and horsetail.
In the peat, ferruginous soils in a particular abound: cranberries, cranberry, heather, shpergel, puhonosy, peat moss, sorrel, and others.
Dry soil, unable to hold moisture, characterized bedstraw, Manica, hawkweed, meadow clover, thyme. Rich, rich soil, suitable for gardens, immediately strikes the eye with dense thickets dioica nettle, Starry, cereals - bluegrass ezhoy. Soils are wet and muddy, carry a water bluegrass, Veronica, cranked foxtail, and sedges, thistles, buttercup crybaby-light, point to the poverty and sterility of wet clay soil.
Of the plants most interesting barometer: Siberian sow thistle, which is fully deploys its flower heads only during rain, or better to say - before the rain, and then nails and collecting the bell, which on the contrary, usually close their corollas before the rain.
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